Outdoor Climate Monitoring Station with Wifi HaLow

This project delivers a fully functional, low-power outdoor climate monitoring station built on Wi-Fi HaLow (IEEE 802.11ah), enabling long-range, energy-efficient wireless sensing suitable for large outdoor environments. The system uses custom-designed solar-powered sensor nodes based on the ESP32-S3 + HaLow module to collect temperature, humidity, particulate matter (PM2.5), CO₂, UV index, wind speed/direction, rainfall, and device health metrics. Each node communicates using MQTT to a cloud-hosted InfluxDB server, where data is visualised through an interactive Grafana dashboard in real time.

A key contribution of this project is the integration of Wi-Fi HaLow, which provides kilometre-scale communication with significantly lower power consumption compared to traditional 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi. This makes the system highly suitable for remote or large-area deployments such as farms, parks, construction sites, and environmental research stations.

The project also includes a robust backend built with Node.js for MQTT data routing, an OTA firmware update pipeline, and FreeRTOS-based firmware running on each node for reliable, continuous data sampling. Together, these components form a scalable, resilient, and maintainable wireless sensor network capable of long-term environmental monitoring with minimal human intervention.